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Introduction The ethmoid bone, a small, unpaired bone nestled in the anterior cranium's midline, plays a crucial role in our sense of smell and facial ...

Introduction Ribs are the cartilaginous and bony structure that covers the thoracic cavity. They run posteroanteriorly from the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly ...

Introduction Intercostal space is a space between two adjacent ribs and their costal cartilages. There are 11 pairs of intercostal spaces on each side. The ...

Introduction The bronchopulmonary segments are well-defined, wedge-shaped sectors of the lungs, which are aerated by tertiary (segmental) bronchi. They also ...

Introduction Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway where glucose is broken down. In the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions), glucose is converted ...

Introduction Enzymes are organic and biological catalysts that participate and enhance chemical reactions without getting used up or consumed in the chemical ...

This is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons derived from various substrates are transferred to oxygen. Different substrates may use ...

Introduction Cholesterol is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is absent in plants, but other plant sterols are present. In a 70 kg man, a total of about ...

Introduction Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones of higher polyhydric alcohol or compounds that yield these derivatives (aldehydes or ketones) on ...

Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-rich material crucial for proper lung function. Let's delve into its composition, metabolism, and physiological role. ...